Placenta previa is a condition that occurs during pregnancy when the placenta lies unusually low in the womb, partially or completely covering the cervix—the opening to the birth canal. This placement can pose risks during vaginal delivery, but with early detection and proper care, most women go on to have healthy pregnancies.
What Is the Placenta?
The placenta is a vital organ that develops during pregnancy. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. Normally, it attaches to the upper part of the womb. In placenta previa, however, it attaches too low.
Signs and Symptoms
- Painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester
- Bright red blood, usually without cramps
- Bleeding may start suddenly and vary in amount
If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention. See our related guide on spotting or bleeding in pregnancy: when to get checked.
Risk Factors
Some factors that increase the risk of placenta previa include:
- Previous cesarean delivery
- Multiple pregnancies
- Previous uterine surgery
- Smoking
- Maternal age over 35
Placenta previa is typically diagnosed during a second-trimester ultrasound scan, often at the routine anatomy scan performed between 18 and 20 weeks of gestation. However, it can also be suspected later in pregnancy if a woman experiences painless vaginal bleeding, usually in the second or third trimester.
Management may include
- Limiting physical activity and avoiding sexual intercourse
- Monitoring with repeat ultrasounds
- Hospital admission for close monitoring
It's important to note that a low-lying placenta diagnosed early in the second trimester often resolves on its own as the uterus grows, a phenomenon known as placental migration. Therefore, a follow-up ultrasound is usually recommended around 28 to 32 weeks to reassess the placental position. Placenta previa that persists until the late third trimester or causes bleeding will require a Cesarean delivery, typically scheduled between 36 and 37 weeks if there are no other complications.
Conclusion
Placenta previa can sound alarming, but with the right monitoring and medical support, most women deliver healthy babies. Always attend your antenatal visits, routine scans and report any unusual symptoms promptly.
Continue Reading
- Spotting or bleeding in pregnancy: when to get checked in Lagos
- Pregnancy warning signs every woman should know
Book Your Pregnancy Scan in Lagos
Due for your placenta check? Mascot Healthcare Clinic in Akoka (Yaba), Lagos offers pregnancy ultrasound scans and antenatal consultations. By appointment only, Mon–Sat, 9am–5pm — book online at mascothealthcare.com/setappointment.html or message us on WhatsApp/call to confirm your schedule.