Genital Warts: Causes, Treatment and Prevention

From Mascot Healthcare Clinic, Akoka (Yaba), Lagos

Hello Friend! Genital warts can be distressing to discover, but they are common and treatable. Understanding what causes them — and how to prevent them — takes away a lot of the worry.

What Causes Genital Warts?

Genital warts are caused by HPV — specifically the low-risk types 6 and 11, which are responsible for around 90% of cases. They are spread through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. Importantly, the types that cause warts are usually not the same types that cause cancer, though a person can carry more than one type.

What They Look Like

They may appear as small, soft, skin-coloured or greyish growths, sometimes in clusters resembling a tiny cauliflower. But many other harmless conditions can look similar, so never self-diagnose — a proper assessment is essential.

Treatment

Genital warts can be treated. Depending on the size and location, options include prescription topical treatments or in-clinic procedures to remove them. Treatment removes the visible warts; a healthcare provider will guide the right approach for you. Please avoid over-the-counter wart removers meant for hands and feet — they are not safe for the genital area.

Prevention Is Possible

The HPV vaccine (Gardasil) protects against types 6 and 11, preventing most genital warts — another strong reason to vaccinate early. Condoms reduce, but do not completely eliminate, the risk.

Concerned about a bump or growth? Our confidential STI clinic in Akoka (Yaba) offers discreet assessment and treatment. Learn more in our complete HPV vaccine guide.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Lawal Taiye (MBBS, Ibadan) — Mascot Healthcare Clinic, Akoka, Lagos.