Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Many people who notice warts on their genitals worry about one important question: can genital warts turn into cancer?
The short answer is usually no, but understanding the details is very important for your long-term health.
What Causes Genital Warts?
Genital warts are caused mainly by low-risk HPV types, especially HPV 6 and HPV 11. These strains are responsible for about 90% of genital wart cases and are not associated with cancer.
The warts may appear as:
- Small, flesh-colored or grey bumps
- Flat or raised growths
- Clusters that look like cauliflower
- Warts on the penis, vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, or surrounding skin
Can Genital Warts Become Cancer?
Genital warts themselves do not turn into cancer. However, this does not mean HPV is harmless.
Some people may be infected with multiple HPV strains at the same time. While low-risk HPV causes warts, high-risk HPV types (such as HPV 16 and HPV 18) can cause cancer — without causing visible warts.
HPV-Related Cancers
High-risk HPV strains are linked to:
- Cervical cancer (most common)
- Anal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Vulvar and vaginal cancer
- Throat and oral cancers
This is why regular screening is important, even if you only notice warts.
Warning Signs to Watch For
See a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Persistent genital sores or growths
- Bleeding after sex
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Anal bleeding or pain
These symptoms do not automatically mean cancer, but they should always be checked.
How to Protect Yourself
You can reduce your risk by:
- Getting the HPV vaccine (recommended for males and females)
- Using condoms, which lower but do not eliminate risk
- Attending regular cervical screening (Pap smear)
- Seeking early treatment for genital warts
- Avoiding multiple sexual partners when possible
Treatment of Genital Warts
Genital warts can be treated safely with:
- Topical medications
- Cryotherapy (freezing)
- Cautery or minor surgical removal
Treatment removes the warts but may not completely eliminate the virus, which is why follow-up care is important.
Final Takeaway
Genital warts do not cause cancer, but the HPV virus behind them can sometimes coexist with cancer-causing strains. Early diagnosis, vaccination, and regular screening are the best ways to protect your health.
Visit Mascot Healthcare Clinic for confidential STI screening, wart removal, Pap smears, and expert care in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
Your health matters — early checks save lives.