Blocked fallopian tubes are a common cause of female infertility, preventing the egg from meeting sperm or reaching the uterus for implantation. Several factors can lead to this condition, including infections, surgery, and medical conditions. Below are some of the major causes:

1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

PID is a bacterial infection that affects the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea. This infection can cause scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes, especially when they are undetected or treated for years.

2. Endometriosis

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. If it affects the fallopian tubes, it can cause scarring or adhesions that lead to blockages.

3. Previous Abdominal or Pelvic Surgery

Surgeries involving the abdomen, uterus, or ovaries—such as surgery for fibroids or ectopic pregnancy—can lead to scar tissue (adhesions) that block the fallopian tubes.

4. Hydrosalpinx

This is a condition where one or both fallopian tubes become filled with fluid due to infection or injury, leading to blockage. Hydrosalpinx also reduces the chances of successful embryo implantation.

5. Uterine or Pelvic Infections

Infections that occur after miscarriage, abortion, childbirth, or intrauterine device (IUD) use can cause inflammation and scarring of the fallopian tubes.

7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Untreated STIs like chlamydia and gonorrhea are leading causes of tubal damage. Even if the initial infection clears, the damage may remain, leading to blockages.

8. Fibroids

Uterine fibroids, particularly those near the fallopian tubes, can cause blockages by pressing against the tubes and altering their structure.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect blocked fallopian tubes, a doctor can diagnose the condition through tests like hysterosalpingography (HSG), ultrasound, or laparoscopy. Treatment options may include surgery to remove blockages (usually with poor outcomes), fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF), or managing underlying conditions like endometriosis.

If you’re experiencing infertility or pelvic pain, consulting a doctor early can improve your chances of successful treatment and conception.