Heat Stroke: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Heat stroke is a severe heat-related illness that occurs when the body’s temperature regulation system fails, causing the core temperature to rise above 40°C (104°F). It is a medical emergency that can lead to organ failure or death if not treated promptly.
Causes and Risk Factors
Heat stroke happens due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures, especially in humid conditions. Common causes include:
- Strenuous physical activity in hot weather
- Dehydration, which reduces the body’s ability to sweat
- Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight
- Wearing heavy or non-breathable clothing in the heat
Certain individuals are at higher risk, including the elderly, infants, people with chronic illnesses (e.g., heart disease, diabetes), and those taking medications that affect hydration or heat regulation.
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
Heat stroke develops rapidly and includes:
- High body temperature (above 40°C or 104°F)
- Hot, dry skin or excessive sweating
- Confusion, dizziness, or fainting
- Rapid heartbeat and breathing
- Nausea or vomiting
- Seizures or loss of consciousness
Emergency Treatment
Heat stroke is a medical emergency. If someone shows symptoms:
- Call for medical help immediately
- Move them to a cool, shaded area
- Remove excess clothing
- Apply cold water or ice packs to the armpits, neck, and groin
- Fan them or use cool, wet cloths
- Give fluids if they are conscious and able to drink
Prevention Tips
- Stay hydrated and drink plenty of water
- Wear light, breathable clothing
- Avoid strenuous activity during peak heat hours
- Take breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas
- Use sunscreen and wear a hat to reduce heat absorption
Recognizing and responding to heat stroke quickly can save lives. Stay cool and protect yourself during extreme heat conditions.