Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. While many women with fibroids have normal pregnancies and fertility, fibroids can sometimes contribute to infertility and other reproductive issues. Here’s how fibroids might affect fertility and what you need to know:
How Fibroids Can Affect Fertility
- Location of Fibroids:
- Submucosal Fibroids: These fibroids grow into the uterine cavity and are most likely to cause fertility issues. They can distort the shape of the uterus, interfere with the implantation of an embryo, or block the fallopian tubes.
- Intramural Fibroids: These develop within the uterine wall. Large intramural fibroids can alter the uterine cavity’s shape or interfere with the blood supply to the uterine lining, affecting embryo implantation.
- Subserosal Fibroids: These grow on the outer wall of the uterus and typically do not interfere with fertility unless they become very large and impact nearby reproductive organs.
- Size and Number of Fibroids:
- Large Fibroids: Can cause physical distortion of the uterus, leading to difficulty with embryo implantation or increasing the risk of miscarriage.
- Multiple Fibroids: Multiple fibroids can collectively distort the uterine cavity or disrupt the normal function of the uterus.
- Interference with Blood Flow:
- Fibroids can affect the blood flow to the uterine lining, impacting the ability of the embryo to implant and grow.
- Fallopian Tube Blockage:
- Fibroids located near the fallopian tubes can block the passage of sperm or eggs, preventing fertilization.
Symptoms of Fibroids that May Affect Fertility
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Pain during intercourse
- Menstrual irregularities
Conclusion
Uterine fibroids can cause infertility in some women, particularly when they distort the uterine cavity, block fallopian tubes, or affect the uterine lining. If you are experiencing symptoms of fibroids and have concerns about fertility, it’s important to consult with your doctor for an ultrasound scan. They can provide a thorough evaluation, discuss treatment options, and help develop a plan tailored to your individual needs and reproductive goals.