Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Nigeria, with an estimated prevalence of over 33 per 100,000 women and an incidence of more than 14,000 new cases each year. Tragically, the mortality rate remains high, with about 8,000 Nigerian women dying annually—largely due to late diagnosis and limited access to routine screening.
A Pap smear (or Pap test) is a quick, simple, and usually painless procedure that can detect precancerous changes in the cervix years before symptoms develop. When caught early, cervical cancer is highly treatable—and lives can be saved.
If you’re a woman between the ages of 21 and 65 in Nigeria, regular Pap smears could make the difference between early treatment and a late-stage diagnosis. It’s not just a test—it’s a life-saving tool.
🧬 What Is a Pap Smear?
A Pap smear is a test where a small sample of cells is gently collected from the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) to check for:
- Precancerous changes
- Abnormal cells
- Cervical cancer
It can also be combined with a test for HPV (human papillomavirus)—a virus that causes most cases of cervical cancer.
🛡️ Why Is It Important?
- Early Detection of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer often develops slowly over several years, starting with mild cell changes. A Pap smear can catch these early so they can be treated before becoming dangerous. - It Can Be Completely Preventable
When detected early, cervical cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer. In fact, many women who get regular Pap smears never develop cervical cancer. - You May Have No Symptoms
Most early cervical changes have no signs or symptoms. By the time symptoms show, the disease may already be advanced. - Peace of Mind
Knowing your results are normal gives you confidence and control over your health.
📅 How Often Should You Get It?
- Every 3 years if you're between 21–29 years old
- Every 3–5 years if you're 30–65, depending on whether you do HPV testing as well
Note: If you’ve had abnormal results in the past, your doctor may recommend more frequent screening.
⚠️ Who Needs a Pap Smear?
- All women between 21 and 65 years
- Women who are sexually active, even if with one partner
- Even if you feel healthy, you still need it
Women who’ve had a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix) for non-cancer reasons may not need it—but always check with your doctor.
🧘🏽♀️ What to Expect During the Test
Generally, the best time to schedule your Pap smear is mid-cycle, which means:
- A few days after your period has completely ended. This ensures that there is no menstrual flow to interfere with the sample collection.
- Ideally, about 10-20 days after the first day of your last menstrual period. This timeframe usually falls in the middle of your cycle for most women with a typical 28-day cycle.
Things to avoid before your Pap smear, regardless of the day:
- Douching: Avoid douching for at least 24 hours before your test as it can wash away cells and affect the results.
- Using tampons or vaginal medications/creams: Refrain from using these for at least 24 hours prior to your appointment.
- Sexual intercourse: It's generally recommended to avoid intercourse for 24 hours before the test.
Important Note: If you have any unusual bleeding or discharge, don't wait for your mid-cycle. Contact your doctor to discuss your concerns.
- The test takes about 5 minutes
- Performed at a hospital or clinic
- You’ll lie down while a small speculum is inserted to collect cells from your cervix
- Slight discomfort, but not painful
- You can go about your day right after
💡 Final Thought
A Pap smear is quick, affordable, and life-saving. In countries like Nigeria, where cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in women, regular screening is even more crucial. Don’t wait for symptoms. Schedule a Pap smear today—it’s one of the best decisions you can make for your health.