The idea that staying under the sun can cause malaria is a popular myth, but it's not scientifically accurate. Malaria is not caused by heat, sun exposure, or sweating—it is caused by a parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
What Actually Causes Malaria?
Malaria is caused by a Plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of a mosquito that is carrying the parasite. Once in the body, the parasite multiplies in the liver and then infects red blood cells, leading to symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Malaria:
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Body aches
- Sweating
- Weakness
- Vomiting (in some cases)
Where Did the Sun Myth Come From?
Many people associate malaria with heat, excessive sweating, and tiredness, which are also common symptoms of heat exhaustion or sunstroke. This similarity may have led to the mistaken belief that sun exposure causes malaria.
Also, in many parts of Nigeria and other tropical countries, mosquitoes are more active around dusk and at night—so people may not directly link mosquito bites to the illness, especially if they don’t notice being bitten.
Can the Sun Indirectly Increase Risk?
While the sun itself doesn’t cause malaria, certain behaviors can indirectly increase risk:
- People working outdoors during the evening (when mosquitoes start coming out) may be more exposed to bites.
- Lack of protective clothing or mosquito repellent can make outdoor exposure riskier.
How to Actually Prevent Malaria:
- Use mosquito nets, especially at night
- Apply insect repellent on exposed skin
- Drain stagnant water where mosquitoes breed
- Take preventive antimalarial medication when advised (especially during pregnancy)
Bottom Line
Staying under the sun does not cause malaria. The disease is caused by mosquito bites, not heat or sunshine. Understanding how malaria is really transmitted is key to protecting yourself and others.